2011 Toyota Camry NASCAR RK Collection

The RK Collection Toyota Camry NASCAR Edition makes its public debut at the 2010 SEMA Show. The special two-door Toyota Camry NASCAR Edition was developed by RK Collection (RKC) to assist Toyota Racing Development (TRD) in visualizing the virtues of a standard Camry and morphing them into a powerful NASCAR counterpart.

The project was the visionary inspiration of Rob Kauffman, founder of RKC and co-owner of the NASCAR team Michael Waltrip Racing. The project was developed wîth the dual purpose of building and running a high-performance street legal Toyota Camry wîth a NASCAR engine. In partnership wîth TRD, RKC brought the concept to life wîth illustrations and a technical specs outline, rebuilding this one-of-a-kind high performance street machine. The vehicle was designed to showcase the technical alliance between TRD and RKC and demonstrate the connection between Toyota's production vehicles and its strong NASCAR program.

The exterior shell of the vehicle is a RKC custom made 2010 Camry two-door body sheet metal. RKC used the body as a canvas and installed several race car features including a custom body kit, Toyota grill, carbon fiber brake ducts wîth fog lights and TRD emblems. The car sits on TSW Jarama wheels that measure 20 x 8.5 inches in the front and 20 x 10 in the rear and fitted wîth 245/35/20 Michelin Pilot tires in the front and 285/20/30 in the rear.

Únderneath the exterior shell sits a powerful TRD NASCAR V8 engine that measures 358 cubic inches and delivers a blistering 680 horsepower at 8500 RPM. The engine is mated to a Tremic T-56 Magnum six-speed manual transmission wîth a Ram dual-disc street clutch.

Race car handling is achieved through Camry modified Macpherson struts in the front and a Venza modified multi-link independent suspension in the rear. Shocks are coil over, single adjustable.

The high performance of the NASCAR Camry can be heard through a custom three-inch exhaust wîth X-pipe, Thrush mufflers, Quicktime performance cut out, custom side exhaust tips and high temperature turbo Black coating by H.M. Elliot Inc.

Inside, The NASCAR Camry is modified wîth custom leather-covered panels, a suede headliner wîth integrated rear tweeters, leather-covered power seats wîth custom TRD billet logos, a billet shifter and a dashboard wîth SPEK gauges by Proparts. Comfort is enhanced wîth air conditioning provided by Vintage Air. For added safety a four-point roll cage was installed.

A powerful audio system was required to help offset the throaty performance under the hood. This was accomplished wîth a Pioneer AVIC-2110BT DVD/NAV receiver. Boston Acoustics contributed to the high-performance sound wîth two GT-275 75w amps, four GT-475 75w amps, two pair of SR-60 two-way 6.5 component speakers and a G212-44 12-inch subwoofer.

After its debut at the 2010 SEMA Show the RK Collection Toyota Camry NASCAR Edition can be seen during the NASCAR race weekend beginning November 12 at the Phoenix International Raceway.

RK Collection Toyota Camry NASCAR Edition Features


Exterior

• RKC Custom made two-door 2010 Camry Body Sheet Metal
• RKC Custom Body Kit, Nose/Tail, Flare/Side Skirt/Spoiler
• RKC Custom Toyota Grill's
• RKC Custom Carbon Fiber Brake Ducts wîth Fog Lights
• RKC Custom TRD emblems

Tires/Wheels

• TSW Jarama 20X8.5 Front - 20X10 Rear
• Michelin Pilot 245/35/20 Front – 285/20/30 Rear

Interior

• Custom Leather Covered Panels
• Custom Suede Headliner wîth Integrated Rear Tweeters
• Custom four-Point Roll Cage
• Custom Leather Covered Power Seats wîth Custom TRD Billet Logos
• Custom Billet Shifter
• Custom Dash wîth SPEK gauges by Proparts
• Air conditioning by Vintage Air

Audio

	Vital Stats
Engine : 5.8-cylinder Power: 680 hp
6-speed Manual

• Pioneer AVIC-2110BT DVD/NAV receiver
• Boston Acoustics
o Gt-275 75w x 2 Amps.
o Gt-475 75w x 4 Amp.
o Two- pair SR-60 two-way 6.5 Component Speakers
o 1 G212-44 12' Subwoofer

Engine/Transmission

• TRD NASCAR Engine-V8 Configuration
- Displacement- 358 cubic inches
- Power- 680 HP @ 8500 RPM
- Bore/Stroke - 4.185 inch/3.25 inch
- Oil System- five-stage dry sump
• Custom Wilson Throttle Body Injection
• Motec Engine Management
• Custom Fluidyne radiator
• RKC Custom Header
• RKC Custom Air Intake wîth K&N Filters
• RKC Custom A/C Mounts
• Quicktime Bell Housing
• Custom Ram Dual Disc Street Clutch
• Tremic T-56 Magnum 6-Speed

Suspension

Front
• RKC Modified Camry Sub frame
• D2 Coil Over Struts
• Custom Lower Control Arms
• Speedway Engineering 1 ¼ Splined Sway Bar
• Woodward Power Rack
• Wilwood 14.25 Rotors
• Brembo six-piston GT Calipers/ radial Mounted

Rear
• Modified 2010 Venza Sub frame wîth Lexus SC 430 Differential
• Lexus SC 430 Differential wîth TRD Locker
• Custom Adjustable Control Arms
• Custom Driveshaft and Axles from The Driveshaft Shop
• D2 Coil over
• Wilwood 14' Rotors
• Brembo 4-Piston GT Calipers radial Mounted

Exhaust

• Custom three-inch Exhaust wîth X-Pipe
• Thrush Mufflers
• Quicktime Performance Cut Out
• Custom Side Exhaust Tips
• High Temp Turbo Black Coating by H.M. Elliott INC.

Participating Suppliers

• Brembo
• Fluidyne high Performance
• Michael Waltrip Racing
• Michelin Tires
• PPG
• Speedway Engineering
• Specialty Automotive Materials
• Toyota Racing Development
• Tremec Transmissions
• Vintage Air
• Wilwood Engineering
• Brown & Miller Racing Solutions
• ProParts
• Hushmat Subscribe

2003 Aston Martin 007 V12 Vanquish

Playing a huge role in returning Aston Martin, a classic British carmaker, to both financial success and technological sophistication, the Vanquish surely delivered. Like any proper Aston Martin, the Vanquish not only had drop-dead gorgeous styling, but also a certain spice with muscular fenders and a wide, squat stance. It is considered to be the most masculine of Aston's classic design. Loosely based on the Virage/V8 platform, the V12 Vanquish instead featured thoroughly modern technology.

Founded in 1913 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford, Aston Martin was originally called Bamford & Martin when the two had joined forces the previous year to sell cars made by Singer from premises in Callow Street, London. At this location they also serviced GWK and Calthorpe vehicles. Martin raced specials at Aston Hill near Aston Clinton and the two men chose to make their own cars.

The first car dubbed Aston Martin was created by Martin by fitting a four-cylinder Coventry-Simplex engine to the chassis of a 1908 Isotta-Fraschini. Martin and Bamford acquired premises at Henniker Place in Kensington and produced their first car in March 1915. Unfortunately production couldn't begin due to the outbreak of World War I. Martin had joined the Admiralty, and Bamford joined the Royal Army Service Corps. All machinery was sold to the Sopwith Aviation Company.

A grand tourer, the Aston Martin Vanquish was designed by Ian Callum and was manufactured by Aston Martin. Introduced in 2001 the Vanquish was Aston Martin's flagship vehicle. Appearing as the official James Bond car in the movie ‘Die Another Day' the Vanquish rose to worldwide recognition. In 2007 the Vanquish was taken out of production. The Aston Martin DBS V12 temporarily replaced it at the top of Aston's lineup, pending the 2010 replacement.

In the wake of a GT concept car, the Project Vantage concept car let to development of the Vanquish. The Vantage concept was introduced with a V-12 engine at the North American International Auto Show in January of 1998. In 2000 the production model was debuted and the series production began in 2001. It wasn't until 2005 that the car received any major updates when the Vanquish S model debuted at the 2004 Paris Auto Show. The S model came with more power, new wheels and slight styling revisions.

The Vanquish Ultimate Edition was introduced to celebrate the end of the Vanquish production run. Aston Martin announced that the final 40 cars built would have a new ‘Ultimate Black' exterior color, personalized sill plaques and upgraded interior. The Ultimate Edition was the first Vanquish available with a conventional stick-shift manual transmission. In July of 2007 production of the Aston Martin Vanquish was ended and coincided with the company's Newport Pagnell factory after 49 years of operation. The final car was the Vanquish S Ultimate Edition in black.
A high-performance coupe, the Aston Martin V12 was produced from 2002 until 2006. The original model was joined by the more powerful S Variant in 2005, and only the S model was available for the final year of production. The V12 Vanquish main body structure included aluminum sections bonded and riveted around a central carbon-fiber transmission tunnel. To keep the weight down Aston utilized carbon fiber A-pillars, all-aluminum suspension and aluminum body panels. Despite all of this, the Vanquish still weighed in at little more than 2 tons.

Designed at Ford Research in the U.S. was the V12 engine in the Vanquish. The Vanquish's V12 engine shares some of the components and design elements with the 3.0 L Duratec 30 V6. The engine even shares the same bore and stroke dimensions and for this reason many people incorrectly dismiss the V12 as just ‘two Duratecs linked together'. It is correct though that the AM V12 shares components with the ‘Duratec' engine design. The standard Vanquish's 6.0-liter V12 produced 460 hp and 400 lb/ft of torque.

The powertrain of the Vanquish was also quite innovative, with a high-performance 6.0-liter V12 engine that first made 460 hp, and later 520. To get that power to the rear wheels there was an automated-clutch, six-speed sequential-shift manual gearbox that utilized F1-style paddle shifters. The V12 Vanquish also came with 19-inch wheels with performance tires, power seats and a 10-speaker in-dash CD changer audio system. Also standard a navigation system, multi-level heated seats and Bluetooth connectivity on the 2006 V12 Vanquish S, as well as the Sports Dynamic suspension, steering and braking package.

The inside of the V12 was finished quite lushly in the best leather hides and offered a nice variety of color options. The center control stack was revised in 2006 to match the current, newer batch of Aston Martin's. Earlier on the Vanquish had borrowed much of its switchgear from the Ford family parts supply. There was quite a substantial amount of room inside the Vanquish when compared to other exotic sports cars and the Vanquish was available with a choice of 2+2 or strictly two-seat interiors.

Only 300 hand-built V12 Vanquish models were produced each year and each model is fully customizable to the customer's requirements.

Mitsubishi Motors Evolution IX 2006

Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (MMC) today announced that the Lancer Evolution IX high-performance 4WD sports sedan would go on sale at affiliated dealerships throughout Japan on March 3, 2005. With a 2.0-liter intercooler-turbocharged engine powering all four wheels through an electronically controlled 4WD system, Evolution IX raises all dynamic performance parameters to a new level. Tax inclusive prices range from 2,940,000 yen to 3,570,000 yen.
Evolution IX marks the 12th model in the series, which has also included an automatic transmission model, since the Lancer Evolution debuted in October 1992. Major features distinguishing the latest model include the adoption of Mitsubishi's proprietary MIVEC*1 variable valve timing technology in the intake system and improvements to the turbocharger that result in higher torque and produce better response for improved engine performance across its full rev range. New front and rear bumpers bring both high aerodynamics and cooling performance.
Evolution IX is offered in three trim levels. The flagship GSR grade features Mitsubishi Motors' cutting-edge ACD*2 + Super AYC*3 + Sports ABS*4 electronically controlled all-wheel control component system and a 6-speed manual gearbox. The motorsport-specification RS uses a special lightweight body, a new titanium-magnesium turbocharger, 5-speed gearbox and ACD + mechanical rear LSD all-wheel control. New for Evolution IX is the GT grade that brings together RS's turbocharger and drivetrain specification and GSR's comfort-bias body wîth its enhanced sound deadening. Allowing owners to customize their Evolution IX's to individual needs and preferences, a comprehensive range of factory- and dealer-fitted options as well as Ralliart tuning and dress up parts are available.

Exterior

In an integral molding, the new front bumper houses an oversize mesh grille to raise engine cooling efficiency and also locates the Mitsubishi 3-diamond emblem. All unnecessary openings on the undersurface of the bumper have been closed off to reduce air resistance. The new rear bumper features a diffuser undersurface in a distinctive design that shapes the corners to stabilize air flow detachment and reduce drag and that adds to Evolution's sedan-racer looks.

The rear wing assembly uses molded vertical components color-keyed to the body and a carbon-fiber hollow spoiler that lowers the center of gravity. Dark-clear extensions on headlamps and rear lamps enhance the car's premium appearance.
GSR and GT trim levels run on Enkei 17x8JJ lightweight 5-double-spoke alloy road wheels that are 0.15 kg per wheel lighter than those fitted to Evolution VIII MR.

Evolution IX is available wîth a new air *** extension and rear wing Gurney flap (dealer options) that further improve aero efficiency. These advanced aero devices improve high-speed handling and stability by reducing front and rear wheel lift and enhancing the front-rear aero balance.

Interior


Dashboard ornamentation on GSR and GT models is clear coated wîth a rich carbon-like finish.
GSR and GT models use new alloy accelerator, brake and clutch pedals designed for sport driving as well as to accent the sedan-racer look to the cockpit.

GSR uses Recaro bucket seats. The squab facing uses non-slip Alcantara suede upholstery that keeps the occupant fresh and comfortable even on longer journeys while the side bolster facings are covered in genuine leather making the seats easier to get in and out of and also adding a touch of choice luxury to the interior.

GSR is equipped wîth a carbon shifter panel embellished wîth the Lancer Evolution logo.
GSR and GT models use a high-density dash silencer and double-sealing weatherstrips that reduce interior noise levels.
3. Engine & transmission

For Evolution IX the 4G63 engine gains Mitsubishi's MIVEC variable valve timing technology that improves top-end output as well as fuel efficiency. MIVEC technology allows GSR to return 10.0 km/l in the Japanese 10-15 mode driving cycle, equivalent to a three percent improvement in mileage.

On GSR, the turbocharger uses a lengthened diffuser to generate more low-end and mid-range torque (400 N-m(40.8 kg-m)/3000rpm) as well as bring a significant improvement in response (average 5%) across the full rev range.

On the RS and GT, the turbocharger compressor wheel uses magnesium alloy instead of aluminum alloy. This brings a dramatic improvement in supercharging response. Mated to a 5-speed gearbox wîth higher torque capacity, the engine has been tuned to generate maximum torque of 407 N-m(41.5 kg-m)/3000rpm.

The 5-speed transmission used on the RS and GT derives from the close-ratio competition gearbox but has a revised top gear ratio for improved high-speed cruising.
4. Other features

New rear springs lower vehicle height slightly, improving rear end stability (GSR and GT) and allowing the Super AYC to operate more effectively and improve §teering response (GSR).
Features retained on Evolution IX include: Evolution's well-proven lightweight and high rigidity body featuring the aluminum roof panel pioneered on Evolution VIII MR (all grades); jointly-developed Bilstein hi-response shock absorbers (GSR and GT); Mitsubishi's ACD + Super AYC + Sports ABS electronically controlled all-wheel control system (GSR); and Brembo ventilated disc brakes (GSR and GT).
*1: Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing Electronic Control system

*2: ACD (Active Center Differential)
The ACD incorporates an electronically controlled hydraulic multi-plate clutch. An ECÚ optimizes clutch cover clamp load for different driving conditions, regulating the differential limiting action between free and locked states. The result is improved §teering response together wîth better traction. ACD provides three modes — Tarmac / Gravel / Snow — to enable quicker control response for changes in road surface. A single ECÚ provides integrated management of both ACD and Super AYC components.


*3: Super AYC (Active Yaw Control)
Mitsubishi's Active Yaw Control system uses a torque-transfer mechanism in the rear differential. Únder ECÚ control, the system operates to raise cornering performance by transferring torque between the rear wheels as dictated by driving conditions and so control the yaw moment acting on the car body. In an evolutionary step, switching from the use of a bevel to a planetary gear differential gave Super AYC the ability to transfer almost twice the torque between the rear wheels. As well as reducing understeer further, it delivers LSD-level traction. The use of a single ECÚ to integrally manage Super AYC wîth the ACD results in a synergism that makes both components operate more effectively than if they were under independent control.


*4: Sport ABS braking
The system ECÚ uses information from a §teering angle sensor that detects §teering inputs as well as from lateral G and vehicle speed sensors to apportion pressure to each of the four wheels independently. The result is improved §teering response under braking. Mitsubishi's Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBD) system, integral wîth Sports ABS, optimizes allocation of braking force between the front and rear wheels. Increasing the pressure applied to the rear wheels when braking close to the limit, EBD reduces the load on the front wheels to realize better anti-fade performance. The system also compensates for changes in surface and vehicle load conditions to ensure predictable and consistent stopping performance at all times.

The Mitsubishi Lancer was first introduced in 1973, and since that time more than six million examples have been sold. It has carried many different names, sold by different manufacturers, and come in different shapes and sizes. Since the cars inception, it has proven to be a solid competitor in rally competition. It has been a very versatile, and capable automobile.

When first introduced, it joined Mitsubishi's other models which included the Galant, their compact car, and the Minica kei car. The Lancer fell into ranks between these two models, serving as the company's lower-to-middle class vehicle. When introduced, it was offered in twelve different trim levels, included the base 1.2-liter sedan, and ranging towards the rally-prepared 1600 GSR. Two bodystyles were offered, the 2-door coupe and the 4-door sedan. There was also a five-door station wagon, but the production levels on this never reached very high. A hatchback was added in 1975, called the Mitsubishi Lancer Celeste and offered with either a 1.4- or 1.6-liter engine. A 2.0-liter unit was later added.

The second generation of the Mitsubishi Lancer was introduced in 1978 and remained in production until 1983. The only bodystyle offered was the four-door sedan; two engine sizes were available, a 1.4- and 1.8-liter four-cylinder unit. The big news for this generation was the addition of the Lancer EX, which brought with it a turbocharger for the 1.8-liter engine.

In 1982 the next generation of the Lancer was introduced. A new model was launched, dubbed the lancer Fiore and based on the Mitsubishi Mirage. This generation of the Lancer was offered in a 3-door hatchback, 4-door sedan, 5-door hatchback, and five-door station wagon. The 1.6- and 1.8-liter engines were still available. A diesel version was introduced, and fuel injected and turbocharged versions were offered.

The station wagon was added in 1985, and it was followed quickly by a four-wheel drive version.

In 1988 the next iteration of the Lancer began, and would persist until 1992. The design changed; the car became less boxy, and more aerodynamic in appearance and principle. The edges became more round and modern. The shape followed the design of the Galant.

By now, the Lancer name was being shared with the Dodge Lancer, which was being sold in the United States by Chrysler Group. In Japan, the model was known as the Mirage Aspire.

This generation of the Lancer was sold as a 3-door hatchback, four-door sedan, and 5-door hatchback. Front and four-wheel drive was available.

In 1991, the differences between the Mirage and the Lancer became even greater, though both were still built on the same platform. In the North American market, the Lancer was sold as the Eagle Summit.

A V6 engine, which displaced just 1.6-liters, was introduced and powered the Mirage, along with other Mitsubishi cars. It would even become the power source for one of the HSR Concept vehicles. This V6 engine was the smallest mass-produced V6, a title it retains to this day. Other engine options included a 1.3, 1.5, 1.8, and 1.6-liter four-cylinder engines. The 1.3 and 1.5-liter versions were SOHC while the rest were DOHC. The 1.8 was created in both SOHC and DOHC fashion. The standard gearbox was the five-speed manual, with the four-speed automatic being sold as optional equipment.

The big news was the Lancer GSR, which had a high-performance turbocharged engine and would form the groundwork for the Lancer Evolution, commonly known as the Lancer Evo, which began in September of 1993. The Evo used the drivetrain of the Galant VR-4 rally car, and would soon prove its potential as a high performance competition machine.

All of the Lancer Evolutions has shared a two-liter, turbocharged engine and four-wheel drive system. The Evolutions, prior to version V, are the officially-approved models for Mitsubishi's efforts in the World Rally Championship's Group A class and SCCA Pro Rally Championship. The cars are built on the same platform as the other Lancers, but given many performance upgrades and mechanical improvements.

Lancer Evolutions continue to race in Group A and Group N classes.

The seventh generation of the Lancer was introduced in 1995 and produced until 2000. It continued the Lancers successful formula of enjoying strong sales throughout the world. In Japan, the name for the sedan and wagon continued as the Libero; related Mirage models were still available. The Coupe was known as the Mirage Asti in Japan, and the Lancer Coupe in the rest of the world.

The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution V is the only Mitsubishi to earn the WRC Constructors Championship for its marque. Tommi Makinen has claimed four WRC Drivers Championships, from 1996 through 2000, in a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution (IV, V & VI). Makinen has driven Mitsubishi's in most of his WRC career. The exception being a Ford Escort RS Cosworth in 1994 and a Subaru Impreza WRC in 2002.

The eight generation of the Lancer was introduced in 2000 in Japan. Most of the other markets continued with the seventh generation. The 8th gen Lancer was available in a four-door sedan configuration or as a station wagon.

Styling changes for the Lancer occurred in 2004 and 2005 for the North American market. The grille was given more fins so it was closer in design to the American version of the Galant. The facia was changed slightly again in 2006.

The Sportback and Ralliart were introduced to the US in 2004. Both of these trim levels brought more equipped and bigger engines. The Sportback has a 160 horsepower engine and the Ralliart was just a little higher, at 162. For both, the suspension had been improved, resulting in better handling and performance. The cars were lowered and 16-inch alloy wheels could now be found on all four corners. Aerodynamic ground package, fog lamps, and front bucket seats completed the ensemble. The Ralliart was given clear rear tail lights and a rear deck spoiler, which did little except enhance the cars appearance. All Sportbacks were equipped with an INVECS-II automatic gearbox. The Ralliart had the five-speed manual as standard and the four-speed automatic as optional.

Slow sales and financial difficulties for Mitsubishi had the Sportback canceled after just one year.

The Mitsubishi Concept X was unveiled to the public at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show; Concept-Sportback was shown a little while later at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The new lancer drew its design inspiration from both of these concepts, which was officially unveiled at the 2007 Detroit Motor Show. Sales for this generation of vehicle went on sale in the US in March of 2007. it is available as a four-door sedan.

1954 PLYMOUTH BELVEDERE

An American automobile, the Plymouth Belvedere was produced by Plymouth from 1951 through 1970. Unveiled on March 31, 1951, the 1951 Belvedere was first showcased as a two-door pillarless hardtop. The Belvedere was Plymouth's first vehicle of this design and was built to combat Chevrolet's Bel Air. The Bel Air had been introduced in 1950 and was a great success as the first two-door hardtop in the low-priced American market.

Not a separate model, the '51 Belvedere was the top-trim Cranbrook and built on that vehicles 118.5 wheelbase that gave the two-door Belvedere very complimentary proportions. The Belvedere featured the flathead 6-cylinder engine with a displacement of 217.8 in³ (3.6 L), with a compression ratio of 7.00:1 and had output of 97 hp. During its release year, the Plymouth Belvedere sold at $2,114.

For its second year on the market, the Cranbrook Belvedere remained basically unchanged except for the alteration in the color scheme to further distinguish the top-level Belvedere from the other Plymouths. Referred to as the ‘saddleback' treatment, the two toning color scheme now flowed from the roof over the beltline onto the trunk. Saddle Bronze over Suede, Black over Mint Green and Gray over Blue were the two tone color schemes available.

On the 1952 Belvedere overdrive was offered as an optional equipment feature. The engine made three revolutions for each rear wheel revolution in overdrive and against four without overdrive. The 1951 engine carried over completely. The price though did jump an additional $100. From 1951 until 1952 the total count of Belvedere's was strong at 51,266 units, a better record than a quarter of Chevy Bel Air and Ford Victoria production for the same period. The Oriflow shock absorber with ‘sea-leg' mounting became well known for its contribution to Plymouth's level, comfortable ride.

Through the 1953 model year the Belvedere remained a part of the Cranbrook series, though all Plymouth models underwent a complete redesign for that year. A shorter 114 wheelbase was one of the major updates for the Belvedere along with a one-piece windshield, flush rear fenders, and a lower hood line. Plymouths received the Hy-Drive semi-automatic transmission in April of 1953. Chevrolet had introduced the fully automatic Powerglide transmission in 1950, and Plymouth was attempting to catch up. The engine only received a slight increase to the compression ratio to 7.10:1, which yielded a gross horsepower rating of 100, basically a carryover from the year before. Unfortunately for this year the demand was much lower, and even with the lowered price of $2,132, only 35,185 units were sold for the 1953 model year.

For 1954, the Belvedere replaced the Cranbrook as the top-line offering. Buyers could now choose a convertible, two-door station wagon, four-door sedan or two-door hardtop (now called the Sport Coupe) as the Belvedere was now a separate model rather than just a two-door hardtop. The body design stayed basically same only receiving slight styling updates, while for the first time, small chrome tailfins appeared on the rear fenders. A fully automatic transmission was finally offered by Plymouth in March of 1954, the Chrysler Corp's well-regarded PowerFlite 2-speed. The engine was also new, borrowed from the Dodge Division, a larger standard engine, a 230.2in³ six-cylinder with power now rated at 110 hp. Unfortunately Belvedere production slipped to just 32,492 for the 1954 year.

For the 1955 model year, all Plymouths received a major overhaul that included Belvedere returning as the top-of-the-line model. 1955 was the first year of Chrysler Stylist Virgil Exner's 'Forward Look.'

The following year Plymouth style finally began evolving from those of the 1955 years look. Achieving what no other car manufacturer in the world was doing, Plymouth featured more dramatic rear tailfin treatments along with the addition of the first pushbutton transmission used in American cars. The Fury joined the Belvedere lineup in early 1956 as a special edition high performance model.

'Suddenly, It's 1960!' was the trademark slogan on the banner ad promoting Plymouth in 1957. Introducing a design that was so revolutionary, a new 318in³ V8 with dual four-barrel carburetors was available on all Plymouth models. The Fury was once again included on the Belvedere lineup and the 318in³ V8 engine was the standard engine on this model as well.

For 1958 the Belvedere returned as a top level trim model, while the styling of the newest model was sleek and refined. New quad lights were features, along with ‘Golden Commando', a big block 350in³ V8 with dual four-barrel carburetors.

In 1959 the Belvedere lost its place as the middle priced model, and the Plymouth Fury was expanded to become the top model for Plymouth in 1959.

Introduced as Plymouth's ‘gentlemen's' hot rod, the Belvedere GTX was introduced in 1967. There have been many performance Plymouths over the years, but it was until 1967 that Plymouth offered one model with all of the necessary performance enhancements as standard, the Belvedere GTX. The GTX offered stylish performance for the very discriminating buyer. Remaining as Plymouth's mid-priced full-size model through 1964, the Belvedere name was applied to Plymouth's new ‘mid-size' model. The higher-trimmed Satellite, the muscle car GTX and the budget musclecar Road Runner where the Belvedere-based models in the lineup. The Belvedere name lasted throughout 1970 before all mid-sized models took the Satellite name.

The GTX was based on Plymouth's stylish two-door Belvedere hardtop and convertible though it received a unique grille and tail panel, simulated hood schools, and ‘pit stop' chrome gas cap. Optional features included twin racing stripes. The GTX featured standard six-leaf rear springs, heavy-duty socks, ball joints and torsion bars. Another optional feature was disc brakes. The interior of the GTX was considered to be completely luxurious with bucket seats, plenty of brightwork and embossed vinyl.

Inside the GTX was the impressive 440 cid V8 engine that was rated at 375 bhp standard. Typically this engine was reserved for Chrysler's big cars, but was tuned for more high-repm performance with a revised camshaft and valve train along with free-flowing intake and exhaust systems. One could choose to add the MOPAR's 426 Hemi that was rated at 425 bhp as an optional feature. During its release, only 720 buyers purchased the Hemi at its cost of an additional $546. The Hemi was truly dominant on the drag strip though the 440 could maintain the Hemi's speed up to 70 mph. MOPAR's three-speed automatic transmission was the standard transmission, while a four speed manual was optional and included a larger ring gear, double-breaker distributor, free wheeling fan and an oil-pan windage tray.

For those looking for even more power and performance, Plymouth offered a R023 version of the Hemi GTX. This model was called the ‘Super Stock' version and was not marketed by Plymouth. The R023 didn't have hubcaps, radio, body insulation, heater or even carpet pad and sealers. The R023 kept the same 426 Hemi engine, hand modified for performance that was rated at the same 425 as the normal Hemi. Only 55 R023 models were ever produced, making it quite rare today.

The GTX was moved upscale in 1968 when the Plymouth Road Runner joined the lineup. Both models shared the same redesigned Belvedere platform. The GTX received a different non-functional hood vents, revised taillights and a new grille. The GTX was available as either a two door hardtop or convertible, while the Road Runner was only available as a pillared coupe. The GTX came with the 440 V8 as a standard feature while both models carried the impressive 426 Hemi as the only engine option.

1957 CADILLAC ELDORAO in ALGHANIM SAFAT HOUSE (KUWAIT)

2012 BMW 1-Series Sport Line

2012 BMW 1-Series Sport Line

- Distinctive proportions, elegant elongated lines, powerful shape.
- Premium ambience and excellent use of interior space.
- Greater scope for personalization, with the BMW Lines.
The drive-train layout, with a longitudinally mounted in-line engine at the front and rear-wheel drive, is unique in the compact segment. This improves the handling of new BMW 1-Series, and is also reflected in its styling, with its distinctive BMW proportions: long bonnet, wide wheelbase and a set-back passenger cell. The new BMW 1-Series is the embodiment of responsiveness and innovative elegance in a compact car, with a youthful, lively design and high-quality features adding to the excitement.

Compared with its predecessor, the new BMW 1-Series is a car that has done some growing up, and that is reflected in its larger dimensions. It is now 8.5 centimetres longer and 1.7 centimetres wider. However, the height has remained unchanged, and the result is a more elegant, elongated profile. Seen from the front and rear views, the powerful stance of this compact model immediately catches the eye.

The front: striking looks with bold curves.

The front of the car is dominated by the large BMW kidney-shaped radiator grille, boldly shaped headlight units and three-section air intake. The grille is angled forwards, adding emphasis to the challenging stance of this most sporty of compact models, while the surrounding areas catch the light and create a strong sense of three-dimensionality, with four contour lines on the bonnet forming a V that points towards the grille.

The trademark BMW double-round headlights have accent trim across their tops. In combination with the optional bi-xenon headlights, this creates a strongly focused look, powerfully enhanced by the direction indicators set into the inner light rings of the headlights and an LED accent light. This is also the first BMW model to feature side indicator lights built into the exterior mirrors.

Side view: elegantly elongated lines, powerful concave surfaces.

From the side, the proportions of the new BMW 1-Series are even more strikingly apparent. The slightly sloping roof line, sporty, angled rear windscreen and flat side windows give the car a coupé-like feel, while the Hofmeister kink - the low forward bend at the back end of the side windows - extends well into the C-pillar, making the door aperture wider and facilitating entry to and exit from the rear seats.

The design quality of the new BMW 1-Series, which is unique in the compact segment, is particularly evident in the distinctive BMW lines and dramatically curved surfaces. The bold, characteristic BMW swage line gives powerful emphasis to the shoulder area. It starts at the front wing and rises continuously to the rear lights, with the door handle integrated neatly into it. An additional character line below the doors flows sharply upwards into the outline of the rear wheel arch. The sill line provides a similarly dynamic touch, running parallel to the ground before rising steeply at the rear wheel arch, and this is nicely echoed by the outlines of the side windows. The size of the rear wheel arches draws attention to its rear-wheel-drive layout, which underpins the car's excellent driving dynamics.

The rear: compact and sporty with a wide stance.

The wide-set wheel arches reinforce the powerful impression created by the back of the new BMW 1-Series. The rear windscreen extends right across the width of the car, emphasizing its sporty yet compact feel and inviting the viewer to admire the practicality of its flexible luggage compartment. The wide-opening, slightly concave tailgate is opened by pressing the top section of the BMW emblem that sits at its centre.

The rear lights are also set well apart, creating a strong horizontal emphasis that is heightened by their raised surrounds. Where the optional xenon headlights are specified, the rear lights consist of L-shaped banks of LEDs. An additional brake light is set into the roof spoiler. The outline of the rear apron echoes that of the front bumper, while the V-shaped emblem surround leads the eye towards the road surface, visually suggesting the excellent roadholding of the new BMW 1-Series.

The interior: premium finish, dynamic lines, driver-friendly cockpit.

Inside, a combination of typical BMW design features and innovative details gives the new BMW 1-Series a fresh, youthful and modern feel, with a focus on spaciousness and driving pleasure. Lines and surfaces are dynamic and forward-leaning, with high-quality, precision-finished materials reflecting the model's premium specifications. The characteristic BMW driver-focused layout is apparent in the angled displays and controls in the middle of the instrument panel, and the ergonomic contours of the centre console, which is likewise angled towards the driver. The interior surfaces are layered, another innovation which gives the new BMW 1-Series an organic look and feel.

In conjunction with an optional navigation system and the BMW Professional radio, the new BMW 1-Series uses the BMW iDrive control system. This comprises a controller on the centre console, favourites buttons and a freestanding flatscreen monitor. The 6.5 or 8.8-inch high-resolution Control Display, which is integrated into the instrument panel, is used for all information, entertainment, telecommunications and navigation functions.

The air vents underneath this monitor, and the controls for the air conditioning and audio system, are wider than usual, visually emphasizing the generous amount of horizontal space in the interior.

The ultimate in personalization: BMW Sport Line and BMW Urban Line make their debut.

	Vital Stats
Engine : 1.4-cylinder Power: 134 hp Torque: 162 ft-lbs Engine : 1.4-cylinder Power: 170 hp Torque: 184 ft-lbs Engine : 1.4-cylinder Power: 143 hp Torque: 236 ft-lbs Engine : 1.4-cylinder Power: 116 hp Torque: 192 ft-lbs Engine : 1.4-cylinder Power: 184 hp Torque: 280 ft-lbs
6-speed Manual, 8-speed Automatic

The new BMW 1-Series is the first car to feature the new BMW Lines, opening up a whole new world of possibilities for personalization. An exclusive range of interior and exterior equipment options help to show off the dynamic design and technological sophistication of the car to best advantage. The BMW Lines represent an alternative to the standard specification. They can be combined with any of the exterior paint finishes, equipment packages and individual equipment options available for the new BMW 1-Series.

The BMW 1-Series Sport Line includes sports seats with exclusive coverings, a sports leather steering wheel with red contrast stitching, a red keyclasp, an adjustable armrest, high-gloss black interior trim strips and matt coral red accent strips. The instrument cluster features special Sport numbers and scales. The ambient lighting can be switched between orange and white, and includes additional light sources in the centre console and footwell. Other features of the BMW Sport Line include exclusive 16-inch star spoke light-alloy wheels, black trim for the exhaust tailpipe, and door sill finishers with 'BMW Sport' lettering. The bars of the kidney grille, the trim bar in the central air intake, the side intake surrounds and the rear bumper trim are all high-gloss black. Additional options include high-gloss black mirror caps and 17-inch bi-colour light-alloy wheels.

The BMW 1-Series Urban Line includes special cloth/leather seats, a sports leather steering wheel, an adjustable armrest, and contemporary interior trim finishers in acrylic glass. This has a strong sense of depth and is available in white or black with matt oxide silver accent strips. A striking effect is also provided by the ambient and courtesy lights, which can be switched between orange and LED royal blue and white and royal blue respectively. An additional light source on the B-pillar enhances the effect of the illumination.

The distinctive exterior includes special 16-inch V-spoke alloy wheels or optional 17-inch high-gloss white wheels with an angled surface, and white rear bumper trim. Additional design accents on the front include white kidney bars with chrome-plated fronts and a white trim bar for the centre air intake. The side intake surrounds are painted in the same colour as the car, and the BMW Urban Line also includes door sill finishers with 'BMW Urban' lettering and a white keyclasp. White mirror caps are available as an option.

The components of the BMW Lines are matched down to the last detail, and create a striking visual impact. Other individually customizable features include a choice of seat coverings, interior trim finishers, accent strips and light-alloy wheels. The range of Original BMW Accessories for the new BMW 1-Series also includes products specifically designed for each of the two BMW Lines, including bags, floor mats and key holders.

The new BMW 1-Series is also offered with numerous design and material options apart from those included in the new BMW Lines. The standard specification includes interior trim finishers in satin silver and Move cloth seats, while options include additional interior trim finishers and accent strips, and Dakota leather seats in a choice of two colours. All upholsteries are also available for the optional sports seats. There are currently three non-metallic and eight metallic exterior paint colours to choose between.

The driving experience: Uniquely dynamic with enhanced comfort.

At launch, the new BMW 1-Series will be available with a choice of five four-cylinder engines, all of them incorporating BMW TwinPower Turbo technology. In the new-generation petrol engines of the BMW 116i and BMW 118i, this combines instantaneous power delivery with exemplary fuel consumption and emissions figures. And a comprehensive array of updates to the 2.0-litre turbodiesel engines in the new BMW 116d, BMW 118d and BMW 120d enable these models too to extend their fuel-efficiency advantage over competitor compact models.

The new BMW 1-Series is the first and only car in its class to offer the option of an eight-speed automatic transmission. A driving experience switch is fitted as standard, enabling vehicle set-up to be changed to suit individual preferences - the precise drive-train and suspension parameters affected vary depending on the specification of the car. The defining characteristic of the driving experience in the new BMW 1-Series is its responsiveness, and this is primarily due to its rear-wheel drive layout and almost perfect 50:50 weight distribution. Sophisticated suspension technology enables it to deliver a ride that is noticeably more comfortable than that of its predecessor. For even sportier handling - without sacrificing any of this ride comfort - there is also the option of Adaptive Suspension with electronic damper regulation.

The new generation of petrol engines: dynamic power delivery and outstanding fuel efficiency thanks to BMW TwinPower Turbo technology.

The 1.6-litre petrol engines making their debut in the BMW 116i and BMW 118i models use BMW TwinPower Turbo technology, consisting of a twin-scroll turbocharger, High Precision Injection, VALVETRONIC variable valve control and Double-VANOS variable camshaft control. This design is based on that of the multi-award-winning 225 kW/306 hp in-line six-cylinder engine with BMW TwinPower Turbo found in models such as the BMW 135i and BMW 135i Convertible. Like that engine, the new four-cylinder units too are part of BMW's EfficientDynamics design strategy, which aims to continually increase driving pleasure while reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

The forced-induction system of the new BMW 1-Series uses the twin-scroll principle, with separate ducts both in the exhaust manifold and the turbocharger itself, each serving one pair of two cylinders. This enables more efficient use to be made of the exhaust pressure waves to drive the turbocharger, so in typical BMW fashion the engine responds instantly to any movement of the throttle. Output is also boosted by VALVETRONIC variable valve control, which is fully integrated into the cylinder head, and Double-VANOS variable camshaft control on the intake and exhaust sides. The patented BMW VALVETRONIC technology steplessly adjusts intake valve timing, rendering the throttle valve of earlier engines obsolete. The amount of air required for combustion is regulated within the engine itself, minimizing throttling losses during gas exchange and improving engine efficiency. The new engines are unusually fuel-efficient, thanks mainly to High Precision Injection. The fuel supply is precisely regulated by magnetic-valve injectors with a maximum injection pressure of 120 bar, positioned centrally between the valves directly next to the spark plug.

The four-cylinder engine of the new BMW 118i, which has an all-aluminium crankcase, has a maximum output of 125 kW/170 hp at 4,800 rpm, and a maximum torque of 250 Nm at between 1,500 and 4,500 rpm. It is exceptionally responsive, accelerating the car from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.4 seconds and on to a maximum speed of 225 km/h. Improved efficiency is reflected in combined-cycle fuel consumption of 5.8 to 5.9 litres per 100 kilometres and CO2 emissions of 134 to 137 grams per kilometre (EU test figures, variations due to differences in the tyres fitted).

The four-cylinder engine of the new BMW 116i too provides significantly improved driving dynamics compared to the predecessor model. It has an output of 100 kW/136 hp at 4,400 rpm and a maximum torque of 220 Nm between 1,350 and 4,300 rpm. What is more, the overboost function temporarily increases this torque figure to 240 Nm between 1,500 and 3,500 rpm, for an extra surge of acceleration. The car takes 8.5 seconds to reach 100 km/h from a standing start, and has a maximum speed of 210 km/h. Fuel consumption over the combined cycle is 5.5 to 5.7 litres per 100 kilometres, and CO2 emissions are 129 to 132 grams per kilometre (EU test figures, variations due to differences in the tyres fitted).

An evolutionary step forward: four-cylinder turbodiesel with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology and even greater fuel efficiency.

Wide-ranging design modifications have enabled the four-cylinder 2.0-litre turbodiesel engines in the new BMW 1-Series to build on their competitive advantage in the areas of output and fuel efficiency. These include aluminium crankcases, reduced engine friction, thermodynamically optimized turbochargers with variable turbine geometry, and next-generation common-rail direct injection with magnetic-valve injectors.

The new BMW 120d represents a significant advance on its predecessor, with a 5 kW increase in maximum output to 135 kW/184 hp at 4,000 rpm, and maximum torque boosted by 30 Nm to 380 Nm between 1,750 and 2,750 rpm. It reaches 100 km/h from a standing start in 7.2 seconds, and has a maximum speed of 228 km/h. Combined-cycle fuel consumption has been reduced to between 4.5 and 4.6 litres per 100 kilometres, with CO2 emissions of 119 to 122 grams per kilometre (EU test figures, variations due to differences in the tyres fitted).

The four-cylinder diesel engine of the new BMW 118d has a maximum output of 105 kW/143 hp at 4,000 rpm, and maximum torque of 320 Nm between 1,750 and 2,500 rpm. The car accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 8.9 seconds, and has a maximum speed of 212 km/h. Its combined-cycle fuel consumption is 4.4 to 4.5 litres per 100 kilometres, with CO2 emissions of 115 to 118 grams per kilometre (EU test figures, variations due to differences in the tyres fitted).

The new entry-level BMW 116d, meanwhile, has a maximum output of 85 kW/116 hp at 4,000 rpm, and maximum torque of 260 Nm between 1,750 and 2,500 rpm. It accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 10.3 seconds, and has a maximum speed of 200 km/h. Its combined-cycle fuel consumption is an outstanding 4.3 to 4.5 litres per 100 kilometres, with CO2 emissions an equally impressive 114 to 117 grams per kilometre (EU test figures, variations due to differences in the tyres fitted).

Eight-speed automatic transmission: sporty, fuel-efficient, and unique in a compact car.

The standard six-speed manual petrol and diesel versions of the new BMW 1-Series offer efficient power transmission and precise gear changes. In addition, the BMW 1-Series is the only compact car also available with the option of an eight-speed automatic transmission, offering fast, smooth gear changes and excellent fuel efficiency. The innovative architecture of its wheel set allows more gears and a better spread of ratios, with barely any increase in weight over the existing six-speed automatic gearbox for the BMW 1-Series. In fact, the unusually high efficiency of the eight-speed automatic transmission means that fitting it to the most powerful new BMW 1-Series models actually results in lower fuel consumption and CO2 figures than with a manual transmission.

The Steptronic function used in the automatic transmission allows gear changes to be initiated manually using the electronic selector lever. A further option for the BMW 120d is the eight-speed sports automatic transmission, which enables even more dynamic gear changes, and includes shift paddles on the steering wheel.

Perfect handling and increased comfort: high-quality suspension technology, even weight distribution and improved stability.

The new BMW 1-Series boasts best-in-class suspension technology, with a double-joint cross-strut front axle with MacPherson struts and sway bars, and a five-link rear axle. The high aluminium content of the front axle structure effectively reduces the unsprung mass, while noise levels have also been reduced and crash performance improved. Both the front and rear axles have double elastic bearings and extra-large bearing blocks for improved responsiveness, and a significantly more comfortable ride compared with the predecessor model. The car also handles better, and especially in combination with the optional Adaptive Suspension, this makes for a more involving driving experience. The new BMW 1-Series has a wider track than its predecessor, and the almost perfect 50:50 weight distribution helps to translate the dynamic advantages of the rear-wheel drive layout into an exciting and agile ride.

Fitted as standard, the driving experience switch on the centre console of the new BMW 1-Series allows adjustments to be made to vehicle set-up. These affect the engine programming, the settings of the DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) and optional Servotronic, and the shift points and timing of the optional automatic transmission. On standard-specification models, there are three modes to choose from - COMFORT, SPORT and ECO PRO. On BMW Sport Line models, and on cars fitted with the optional eight-speed sports automatic transmission or variable sport steering, there is also a fourth mode, SPORT+. Where the Professional Navigation System is fitted, drivers can see the current power and torque output of the engine on the Control Display.

The new BMW 1-Series has electromechanical power steering as standard, combining typical BMW precision with very low energy consumption. The optional Servotronic function provides speed-dependent power assist. Variable sport steering, also available as an option, reduces the number of steering wheel rotations required to make sharp turns. In this mechanical system, steering ratios are adjusted using a variable steering rack. Parking and turning are safer and easier, requiring minimal steering effort, but the typical BMW steering precision and directional stability at high speeds are maintained.

Also available as an option on the new BMW 1-Series is Adaptive Suspension. The system's electronically regulated dampers automatically adjust to the current driving style and road conditions. Their behaviour changes depending on which of the three driving experience modes are selected - COMFORT, SPORT or SPORT+ - with the latter in particular giving a much stiffer ride. The Adaptive Suspension is 10 millimetres lower than the standard suspension, but this has no effect on the improved ride comfort when the car is in COMFORT mode.

As an alternative to the standard 16-inch wheels, the new BMW 1-Series is also available with 16, 17 and 18-inch light-alloy wheels. The car owes its instant responses to the combination of a powerful, reliable braking system and DSC (Dynamic Stability Control), which is fitted as standard. Proven features such as ABS (anti-lock braking system), DTC (Dynamic Traction Control), CBC (Cornering Brake Control) and DBC (Dynamic Braking Control) are now augmented with braking assistance, fading compensation, brake drying and hill assist. DTC mode increases the intervention thresholds of DSC, making it easier to gain traction when driving on loose sand or deep snow. By allowing slight slippage of the drive wheels, it also facilitates controllable oversteer. DSC Off mode activates the electronic rear axle differential locking system. If either of the drive wheels suffers wheelspin while accelerating through tight bends, brake force is applied to this individually, so that the opposite wheel maintains grip.

BMW EfficientDynamics in the new BMW 1-Series: further strengthening a leadership position.

Ever since 2007, the BMW 1-Series has offered a very contemporary take on Sheer Driving Pleasure, thanks to an unrivalled array of technologies to reduce emissions and fuel consumption, all fitted as standard. The new BMW 1-Series takes these BMW EfficientDynamics technologies even further: the standard Automatic Start/Stop function is now also available in conjunction with an automatic transmission, and the new ECO PRO mode increases the potential for an economical driving style.

The key to the low fuel consumption of the new BMW 1-Series range is the efficiency of its engine. A new generation of four-cylinder petrol engines with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology sets a new benchmark for the combination of fuel economy and driving enjoyment. The outputs of the BMW 116i and BMW 118i are 10 and 20 kW higher than their respective predecessor models, yet at the same time, fuel consumption has been reduced by up to 10 per cent. A systematic programme of modifications to the BMW TwinPower Turbo diesel engines likewise increases the fuel-efficiency advantage that these have over their competitors.

BMW TwinPower Turbo: the most efficient way to enhance driving pleasure.

The two new four-cylinder 1.6-litre petrol engines have outputs of 100 kW/136 hp (BMW 116i) and 125 kW/170 hp (BMW 118i). Both feature BMW TwinPower Turbo technology, including a twin-scroll turbocharger, High Precision Injection, VALVETRONIC variable valve control and Double-VANOS variable camshaft control.

This is the first time that four-cylinder engines have been fitted with BMW TwinPower Turbo, which represents an exceptionally fuel-efficient way of boosting output. In normally aspirated engines, responsiveness could only be enhanced to the same degree by significantly increasing capacity, and therefore weight and fuel consumption. The design draws on the BMW engineers' long experience of building high-performance turbo engines. The BMW 2002 turbo, launched in 1973 with a four-cylinder, 125 kW/170 hp engine, was the first European production car to be fitted with an exhaust gas turbocharger, and is still regarded as the template for a compact, high-performance driver's car. In 1983, the first turbocharged engine ever to win a Formula 1 world championship was a Brabham BMW driven by Nelson Piquet.

Thanks to the inclusion of BMW TwinPower Turbo technology, the three four-cylinder, 2.0-litre diesel engines, with outputs of 85 kW/116 hp in the BMW 116d, 105 kW/143 hp in the BMW 118d and 135 kW/184 hp in the BMW 120d, all extend their lead over the competition in the area of fuel efficiency. Innovations such as aluminium crankcases, reduced engine friction, thermodynamically optimized turbochargers with variable turbine geometry, and next-generation common-rail direct injection with magnetic-valve injectors all help to improve low-rev pulling power and fuel economy. A centrifugal-force pendulum built into the dual-mass flywheel compensates for rotational irregularities, and so ensures a smooth ride at low revs. These enhancements represent the latest stage in the success story of BMW four-cylinder diesel engines, which earned the predecessor of the new BMW 118d the title of 'World Green Car of the Year'.

The widest array yet of BMW EfficientDynamics technologies.

All BMW 1-Series models make extensive use of intelligent energy management systems, including Brake Energy Regeneration, automatically disconnecting ancillary components, and electromechanical power steering. Depending on the model, they may also be fitted as standard with an Optimum Shift Indicator, a high-efficiency rear differential, a map-regulated oil pump, a pressure/rev-regulated electric fuel pump, a self-disconnecting air-conditioning compressor and tyres with reduced rolling resistance. The Automatic Start/Stop function, which switches off the engine when it is stationary at traffic lights or in slow-moving traffic, is included as standard on the new BMW 1-Series with both manual and automatic transmissions.

The optional eight-speed automatic transmission also contributes to improved efficiency. Internal friction is exceptionally low, and torque converter slip is very slight, essentially occurring only when the car pulls off. The wide spread of gear ratios and intelligent gear selection mechanism facilitate economical driving at low revs. In fact, BMW 118i and BMW 120d models with the automatic transmission actually use less fuel and produce less emissions than models with manual transmission. And all diesel models in the new BMW 1-Series range emit less than 120 grams per kilometre of CO2 when fitted with the eight-speed automatic transmission.

ECO PRO mode facilitates a more economical driving style.

ECO PRO mode is activated by the driving experience switch. It adjusts the engine map, heating, air conditioning, and mirror/seat heating to minimize fuel consumption. The resulting increase in range is shown on a display. It also provides helpful prompts to help make driving style more economical, which appear in the instrument cluster and, where fitted, the Control Display. In particular, the ECO PRO display in the lower part of the rev counter helps the driver to regulate throttle usage so that the engine continues to operate fuel-efficiently.

As a result, the new BMW 1-Series embodies the concept of fuel-efficiency like no other premium car, building on the strengths of its predecessor in this area. At a later date, the range will be expanded with the BMW 116d EfficientDynamics Edition. This will be powered by a four-cylinder 1.6-litre diesel engine, and feature a number of fuel-saving and emission-reducing technologies, including solutions to further optimize drive-train efficiency, improve aerodynamic performance and reduce rolling resistance. The BMW 116d EfficientDynamics Edition will have an output of 85 kW/116 hp, with fuel consumption of 3.8 litres per 100 kilometres and CO2 emissions of 99 grams per kilometre over the EU combined cycle (provisional figures).

BMW ConnectedDrive in the new BMW 1-Series: a new benchmark in smart connectivity.

The commitment of the BMW 1-Series to high technology is reflected in an impressive range of driver assistance and mobility services which is unique in a compact car. The BMW ConnectedDrive options link driver, vehicle and outside world to improve comfort and safety while providing a wide spectrum of information and entertainment.

The Adaptive Headlight function incorporated in the adaptive xenon light option adjusts the illumination depending on the vehicle's speed, steering angle and rate of turn. At low speeds, the turning lights built into the fog lamp illuminate the road in the direction of travel. High-beam assistance is also included in the package. Other options available for the new BMW 1-Series include a rain sensor with automatic activation of the driving lights, and cruise control with braking function, which automatically manages the engine, brakes and automatic gearbox to maintain the speed set by the driver.

To make manoeuvring and parking easier and more accurate, there is Park Distance Control and a rear view camera, the feed from which is shown in the iDrive Control Display. And another option, Park Assistant, aids parallel parking by identifying suitable spaces and steering the car into them if required.

Exclusive to the new BMW 1-Series: driver assistance systems with enhanced functionality.

The Lane Departure Warning system of the BMW 1-Series now incorporates Collision Warning. It uses a camera at the bottom of the rear-view mirror to monitor the road markings and help avoid unintended changes of direction. The camera also monitors the position of other vehicles and, if required, alerts the driver to the danger. There are two levels of urgency to its warning: when a possible collision risk is first detected, a warning light comes on in the instrument cluster; and if evasive action is needed, the light flashes and an alarm sounds.

The Speed Limit Info system has also been upgraded in the new BMW 1-Series. The car's camera now recognizes not only roadside and overhead speed limit signs, but also no-passing signs. Symbols in the instrument panel then advise the driver of the current speed limit, and whether overtaking restrictions are in force.

Stay online on the road: apps for in-car web radio and Facebook and Twitter usage.

Innovative technology has been used to facilitate the integration of Apple iPhones and other smartphones and music players, including online services. BMW Apps allow iPhone users to receive web radio stations and display Facebook and Twitter posts on the vehicle display. The new BMW Live function uses the data connection of the driver's mobile to access selected content from the BMW Online service, including weather and news updates and Google Local Search. And in conjunction with the Professional Navigation System and BMW Assist, the new-look BMW Online portal provides even more detailed information on the current route and destination, with weather reports, details of parking space availability and the Google Local Search tool, plus news, email and address book functions. The new BMW 1-Series is also still the only car in the compact segment to offer Internet access.

Another new option is Real-Time Traffic Information. Available in conjunction with one of the optional navigation systems, this provides up-to-the-minute details of congestion on motorways, arterial roads and key urban routes. It suggests alternative routes, and recalculates journey times to reflect the current traffic conditions.

Bodywork and safety: less weight equals more responsiveness, comfort and protection.

The larger dimensions and even stronger bodywork of the new BMW 1-Series mean that it represents a significant advance on its predecessor in terms of both interior safety and crash protection. Carefully selected materials and innovative construction techniques enable it to meet the highest standards in passive safety while keeping weight to a minimum. And in situations where a collision is unavoidable, an array of safety components, all designed to work seamlessly together, guarantees an excellent level of protection for the occupants. As a result, the BMW 1-Series is in a position to achieve top marks in all the world's major crash testing regimes.

Increased rear legroom and almost 10 per cent more luggage capacity.

The overall length of the new BMW 1-Series is 85 millimetres greater than that of its predecessor, at 4,324 millimetres, while the wheelbase has been lengthened by 30 millimetres to 2,690 millimetres. The car also looks more powerful, as its overall width has increased by 17 millimetres to 1,765 millimetres while its height has remained unchanged at 1,421 millimetres. The rear seats have 21 millimetres more legroom, and the luggage compartment is now 30 litres bigger at 360 litres.

The new BMW 1-Series also offers much more storage space, with large door pockets, two cupholders on the centre console, a roomy glove compartment, and a compartment under the armrest. Bottles of up to one litre can be fitted into the lower door panel sections. The optional storage package includes compartments in the rear doors and nets on the front seatbacks. The luggage compartment expands to a maximum of 1,200 litres by lowering the 60/40 split-folding rear seats, giving a flat surface extending all the way to the front seats. The optional through-loading system has 40/20/40 split-folding rear seats.

Intelligent lightweight construction: better protection, responsiveness and weight-to-power ratio.

The use of intelligent lightweight construction techniques in the body of the new BMW 1-Series improves both its responsiveness and the level of protection it provides for the occupants. High and ultra-high-strength steels are used at strategic points to maximize both the torsional rigidity and structural integrity of the passenger cell, without adding unnecessary weight. The average strength of the materials used is higher than in the predecessor model, meaning that the body can be made stiffer while actually using less materials, and therefore weighs less. The benefits of this are felt in terms of safety, responsiveness and fuel economy.

As a result, in spite of its increased levels of crash protection and an enhanced specification that now includes air conditioning as standard, the weight-to-power ratio of the BMW 1-Series is now as much as 14 per cent better than that of its predecessor, depending on the model. For example, the figure for the BMW 116i has been improved from 13.9 to 12.9 kg/kW, and for the BMW 118i it is now 10.4 instead of 12.1 kg/kW.

Ultra-stiff passenger cell, comprehensive safety features.

High-strength load-bearing elements, large crumple zones and advanced restraint systems regulated by state-of-the-art electronics are the key to the excellent level of passive safety in the new BMW 1-Series. The energy of an impact is channelled along precisely defined load paths, so that as much as possible can be absorbed by the crumple zones before it even reaches the highly rigid passenger cell. The load-bearing elements along these load paths at the front, side and rear of the car make extensive use of multi-phase and hot-formed steels.

Reinforcements to the B-pillars and side skirts, high-strength side impact beams and sturdy seat cross-members reduce deformation depth and intrusion speed in side impacts. And the reinforced pillars and roof members ensure the passenger compartment is able to provide a survival cell for the occupants even if the vehicle rolls over.

The standard safety equipment includes front airbags, side airbags built into the seatbacks, front and rear head airbags, three-point automatic belts in all seats, front seatbelt tension limiters and pre-tensioners, and an ISOFIX child seat mounting system in the rear. A Tyre Defect Indicator is also fitted as standard; this is able to identify any loss of tyre pressure by monitoring the rotational speed of each individual wheel, and if any problem is detected, a light in the instrument cluster warns the driver.

To minimize the risk of collisions, the new BMW 1-Series is also fitted with dynamic brake lights. If the car brakes unusually hard or the ABS system intervenes, the brake lights flash, so the drivers of following vehicles know that they need to brake harder.

Equipment and accessories: unique technology for a premium driving experience.

The new BMW 1-Series offers all the excitement of premium-quality, pioneering technology and exceptional driving pleasure in a compact car, with many superior features as standard and a wide range of attractive options. The driving experience switch, fitted as standard on the central console, adjusts the car's set-up to the driver's personal preferences, by modifying the engine programming, the settings of the DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) and optional Servotronic, and the shift points and timing of the optional automatic transmission. The standard specification of the new BMW 1-Series also includes remote-controlled central locking, height-adjustable front seats, electric exterior mirrors, electric front and rear windows, a BMW Business CD radio with six speakers and an AUX-IN connection, and air conditioning.

Options include two-zone automatic air conditioning, electrically adjustable and heated seats, a multifunction steering wheel, rear-view and exterior mirrors with automatic anti-dazzle function, fog lights, an electric glass sunroof, and a trailer tow hitch with removable ball head. The engine of the new BMW 1-Series can be switched on simply by touching the Start/Stop button when the radio key is inside the car, so it is no longer necessary to insert and turn the key. The optional comfort access system locks and unlocks the car automatically.

Entertainment: freedom of choice and quality of sound.

Both the Business and Professional Navigation Systems use on-board memory to store their map data - a Flash drive in the case of the Business system, and a hard drive in the case of the Professional system. The latter also has up to 12 gigabytes of free memory for the owner's music library. Other entertainment options include a DVD changer, DAB radio receiver, and a 360-watt, 12-speaker Harman Kardon hi-fi system with digital amplifier.

The Original BMW Accessories range for the new BMW 1-Series also offers a Tablet DVD System for the rear, a USB audio interface and a Portable Navigation System. Carrying capacity can be increased with a rear-mounted rack, a roof rack base support system with various attachments, BMW roof boxes, a ski and snowboard bag, storage nets for the footwells and luggage compartment, and a universal holder which is attached to the headrests.

Manufacturing: innovative processes improve efficiency and quality.

The five-door version of the BMW 1-Series has been produced at the company's Regensburg assembly plant ever since the first generation of this entry-level model went on sale in summer 2004. The new BMW 1-Series too will be made here in eastern Bavaria, at this site which regularly receives top marks for the quality and reliability of its products in independent tests and customer satisfaction surveys. The expansion and modernization work carried out ahead of the start of production for the new BMW 1-Series will enhance both process efficiency and product quality. Flexibility and productivity will also be improved by the use of standardized components and processes across various models, ensuring exceptional build quality and optimum utilization of available capacity.

The Regensburg plant uses the so-called single-line system for both BMW 1-Series and BMW 3-Series models. This means that a single assembly line can produce BMW 1-Series, BMW 3-Series Saloon, Coupé and Convertible, and BMW M3 Saloon, Coupé and Convertible models in any order. Since 2009, the Regensburg has also been the site of production for the BMW Z4 Roadster.

The start of production of the new BMW 1-Series will see a further increase in the use of shared processes, in both body pressing and assembly, as BMW moves towards even more integrated production for its future models. Since 2009, a total of some 300 million euros has been invested at the plant in innovative manufacturing technologies such as a new generation of production robots, structural improvements to the body pressing and assembly operations, greater logistical efficiency, and new finish and overall quality assurance processes. A further investment of around 370 million euros is planned for 2011/12 to increase the number of models manufactured in Regensburg and further expand production capacity.

Increased capacity and new processes in body pressing.

The expansion of the pressing shop that was completed in 2010 significantly increased both capacity and efficiency. As a result of the installation of a second pressing line, maximum output is now around 80 per cent higher. Every day, some 400 metric tons of steel and aluminium are made into bodywork components. The tool changes required when switching to the manufacture of a different part are carried out automatically. The new pressing shop also supplies doors, bonnets and side panels to other plants in the BMW Group's global network of production sites, where they are assembled using a standardized process on shared machinery with 'Best Fit' technology.

The introduction of shared processes means that in future, floor pan components for the BMW 1-Series and other BMW models can all be made using the same tools. The three-layer design of the bodywork too has commonalities with other models, meaning that integrated manufacturing on a single main production line is possible. The new BMW 1-Series also features a new hinge design, which requires fewer mounting parts and simplifies the process of fitting the doors to the body of the car.

Unique environmentally friendly painting processes.

The fully automated painting line of BMW's Regensburg assembly plant sees the car bodywork undergo a multi-stage process. After rigorous cleaning, it is immersed in a cathodic dip tank, where it is turned and rolled to ensure even adhesion of the paint to the electrostatically charged metal. Next comes the sealing of the panel joins and underbody spraying, followed by the application of first the primer and then the coloured topcoat layer - this is done by a high-speed rotary bell atomizer that operates at up to 40,000 revolutions per minute. At this stage too, the bodywork is electrostatically charged to ensure the most efficient possible use of the available paint, thereby minimizing wastage and environmental impact.

The application of the fourth coat, the clear lacquer, involves a unique, environmentally sound process for dealing with the exhaust air. A combination of dry-scrubbing and air circulation reduces wastewater production by four per cent and energy consumption by four per cent compared to conventional processes. Any overspray which does not adhere to the bodywork is blown onto filters coated with powdered stone, meaning no water is consumed in its disposal. The used powdered stone can be sold on for use as a raw material in the cement industry.

Shared processes for maximum efficiency at the assembly stage.

Ahead of the start of production of the new BMW 1-Series, BMW's Regensburg assembly plant is also introducing a set of shared processes in the area of assembly, which will help to increase productivity and cost-efficiency. It will also enable the plant to respond more flexibly to variations in demand, and by making optimum usage of available capacity it will reduce lead times for delivery to customers. The use of latest technology makes the assembly lines more ergonomic, with height and tilt-adjustable conveyor belts enabling virtually all the work to be carried out in the more comfortable standing position.

One of the changes that has made the biggest impact on assembly efficiency is the relocation of the marriage station, where bodywork and drivetrain are joined together. Standardized processes and shared machinery are used for the mounting of the front end and axles, the installation of the fixed side windows, and seat and suspension set-up. The processes developed for the manufacture of the new BMW 1-Series will provide a template for those used to make future models, both in Regensburg and at other BMW Group production sites.

BMW's Regensburg assembly works: 25 years of excellence in automotive manufacturing.

BMW's Regensburg assembly works currently employs around 8,000 people. With 300 trainees in four different areas, it is also playing an important role in developing the next generation of skilled workers. Production capacity is approximately 1,100 vehicles per day, and in 2010 a total 243,982 BMW were made in Regensburg.

A number of events were being held in 2011, both before and after the start of production of the new BMW 1-Series, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Regensburg plant. It opened in November 1986, just two years after the foundation stone was laid. Since then, ongoing investment with a total value to date of over 3.2 billion euros has kept the site at the cutting edge of manufacturing technology and continuously increased its capacity. In 2008, the four millionth BMW car to be manufactured in Regensburg rolled off the production line.